Virtual World – Physical World: What is the Real World?

: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential growth and use of Virtual World Technology. It is also concerned with the prospects for the routine use of Virtual Worlds in the workplace, the key aspects being the areas in which businesses are using Virtual World. The research design of this paper is descriptive. This research employs the multi-method data collection approach using surveys, where participants answered questions executed through interviews and questionnaires. The study is built on the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis. All the respondents were familiar with the term Virtual World; and some with long tenures at their organisations, varying from 5 months to more than 22 years in the same field, provided valuable information. Virtual Worlds have created a new social and creative environment where new product development and virtual brands may be created. This paper points out directions, trends and provides indications that would form a sound basis for the necessary future research in Virtual Worlds. The findings of the study affirm that educational systems need to further progress and advance. Further value is that technologies that facilitate resources can be used effectively to promote lifelong learning, and support learner-centred approaches by being vastly available.


Introduction
Every business today operates in two worlds: a physical world of resources that managers can see and touch, and a Virtual World made of information, it is an emerging convergence of technologies and has become increasingly prominent during the past decade (Badenhorst, 2016;Eisenbeiss et al. 2012;Jarmon 2008;Rayport & Sviokla 1995). A Virtual World is an online community that has the form of a computer based simulated environment which enables users to interact with each other and also use and create objects (Bessière, Ellis & Kellogg 2009). The paper investigates the implementation of Virtual World and 3-D technology in businesses; it also explores how businesses are using Virtual World in different aspects such as training, recruitment and learning; and how it takes place in a face to face environment without leaving the comfort of one's home.
The research investigates the potential growth and use of Virtual World Technology. It is also concerned with the prospects for the routine use of Virtual Worlds in the workplace, the key aspects being the areas in which businesses are using Virtual World (i.e. Training, Learning and Recruitment). A fair number of people are using Second Life and Virtual World as a platform to facilitate meetings of one kind or another, including corporate meetings as well as educational seminars.
of their own learning. It also seeks to emancipate them from traditional methods that sometimes stifle the freedom to socialise with peers within and beyond the classroom space (Pineteh 2012). A virtual classroom integrates all these resources in one global environment, accessible from the comfort of one's home computer (Mattheos et al. 2001).
Virtual World can increasingly play a significant role in training, learning and recruitment.  Botterill (2003).
The aim of this paper is to explore how this setting currently facilitates online recruitment, education/learning, and training which is considered a core and extremely important part of any organisation (Johnson et al. 2012); also to be more effective and improvised with the help of Virtual World and to identify those issues of interactivity that are essential in this context (Petrakou 2010). The recent technological developments and the possibilities they offer provide useful tools in the introduction of educational and learning innovations (Barajas & Owen 2010).
There are numerous contextual definitions and descriptions that have appeared, from the perspectives of writers, academics, industry professionals and the media; the best suited definition for Virtual World is by Schroeder (as cited in Warburton, 2009): A computer-generated display that allows or compels the user (or users) to have a sense of being present in an environment other than the one they are actually in, and to interact with that environment. The educational activities which have been used with the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) as a way of teaching and learning are illustrated in Table 1 above. Literature confirms that constant advances in computing and networking technology have converted and evolved the simple text-based Multi User Virtual Environments (MUVEs) into persistent, real-world similarity (3D) Virtual Worlds where multiple users can participate simultaneously to interact with each other and the environment through their graphical representations known as avatars (Wang & Burton 2013). It is realized that the use of Virtual World has outpaced the understanding of dynamics and unique characteristics of Virtual World. Previously known as a new gaming technology, Virtual World is now used for business purposes as well as in training of medical doctors and many other fields.

Infrastructure
This implementation sets up a pre-made environment ready to be used for instructional activities primarily involved with communicationa court room or a mock interview setting, for example.

Exploration
This implementation allows learners to explore an environmentlooking for workplace hazards or familiarization with office layouts and supplies, for example.

Organization
Virtual worlds offer affordances for intuitive organization and display. Often, this implementation is associated with the logistics of trainingpulling together in-world and outworld database resources, providing venues for displays of studio work, for example.

Design
Virtual worlds allow instructors and developers to build environments for simulations, infrastructure, exploration and design, but it should be noted that they also offer powerful built-in tools for learners to design, prototype and buildarchitectures, plans, fashion, for example.
Source: Kopp & Burkle (2010, p. 21) Virtual World can increasingly play a significant role in training, education/learning and recruitment. Several researchers have given their opinions whether it is the end of the road for traditional education models and the beginning of new Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). The shift to virtual interactions seems to signal that the traditional scholarship is phasing out; creating avenues for technologically enhanced learning spaces that can drive meaningful interactivity and intellectual exchanges between students and educators as stated by De Freitas & Jameson, Andries du Plessis, Bernhardett Theron Virtual World -Physical World: What is the Real World? often can achieve a higher level of interactivity than the one prevailing in traditional face-to face classrooms or boardrooms.
The need for human resources to go on-line not only has grown tremendously, but also become irreplaceable by any other traditional method. Informative, detailed, attractive, and engaging web pages became must haves for a successful company who wants to attract the best job seekers (Gully et al. 2013;Tso, Yau & Cheung 2010). It is indicated that it is better to learn and make what could be life-threatening mistakes on a computer simulator where the worst case outcome is reset (Allen, Couretas & Shemwell 2012). Data suggests that the best way to reach the target audience is through the services they use. VLE now covers virtual classrooms in the following fields that can be found in current literature. 

Problem Statement
To understand the global paradigm shift taking place towards the development of digital economies, with the influence of Virtual World in New Zealand businesses pertaining to Auckland region which is the commercial heart of the country. The article concentrates mainly around the main question which is: "Investigate whether the growth of Virtual World technology is exponential; or is it in its initial stages, and if businesses are able to blend website and Virtual World experiences with their daily operations?" Andries du Plessis, Bernhardett Theron Virtual World -Physical World: What is the Real World?

Research Objectives
The primary focus and purpose of this study is to investigate how Virtual Worlds is being used for distance learning, training, recruitment and the secondary purpose is to find out the willingness of companies in applying Virtual World to different sectors of the business. Also to compare the traditional learning method to virtual learning as it will help in finding out the worthiness of investment in Virtual World by determining the type of learning experiences afforded by this 3D Virtual environment (Dickey 2005; Eisenbeiss et al. 2012).

Methodology
Researchers need to have a clear understanding and appreciation of research methods (Weathington, Cunningham, & Pittenger, 2012). A research method is a way that a researcher uses to conduct and implement a study (Saunders et al., 2012). This research employs multi-method data collection approach. Multi-method research, is defined as: "the practice of employing different types or styles of data-collecting methods within the same study or research program" (Brewer & Hunter 2006, p. 577).
This definition indicates that multi-method studies include studies that employ both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods and multiple forms of either qualitative or quantitative methods (Creswell & Clark 2007). This research design is a descriptive analysis since the focus is to provide an accurate description on the situation; the problem is structured and well understood which is finding the effectiveness and implication of Virtual World in New Zealand businesses and education and determining an accurate answer for the question which is: "what will be the future of Virtual World in the New Zealand market?" Descriptive research may include more than one variable, in this

Research Design
The research design is the overall plan for relating the conceptual research problem to relevant and practicable empirical research (Athanasiou, Debas & Darzi 2010). In other words, the research design provides a plan or a framework for data collection and its analysis. There are three different types of research design and for each of those designs the problem structure is distinctive (Ghauri & Gronhaug 2010).
The research design of this research is descriptive. Descriptive research is designed to describe the characteristics or behaviours of a particular population in a systematic and accurate fashion. The key characteristic of a descriptive research are 1) structure 2) Precise rules 3) Procedures (Jackson 2009).
Perception and structure are the keys to a successful descriptive research; the basic steps of descriptive research in order to perform an orderly scientific and disciplined process are (Venkatesh, Brown & Bala 2012):  Recognition and identification of a topic to be studied.  Selecting an appropriate sample of participants.  Design of information collection procedure.  Collecting valid and reliable data. Descriptive studies are usually the best methods for collecting information that will demonstrate relationships and describe the world as it exists. There are three main types of descriptive methods (Jackson 2010):

Exploratory
 Observational methods  Case study methods  Survey methods.
In this project the researchers have used surveys, where participants answered questions administered through interviews and questionnaires.

Sample Size
Seeking to characterize the current communication ecologies that business and users assemble, the total number of respondents is 92, of the 150 questionnaires distributed, giving a response rate of 61.3%. There are 7 interviews which consist of top level Executives, Senior Lecturers, Chief Finance officer, Retail insight manager, and a Medical Doctor.

Data Collection
Surveying the Virtual World many existing methods were found of Real World survey research but there are different aspects that need to be understood and discussed (Bell, Castronova & Wagner 2009). There are three phases of data collection followed in this research: a). A thorough analysis of the literature review and searching institutional websites to compile a database of staff and teachers who have taken interest or are involved in using 3D immersive Virtual Worlds for learning and teaching b). The questionnaire were conducted by personal meetings which provided the opportunity for feedback and clarification (Zikmund & Babin 2007), or electronically delivered to the respondent when distance was an issue. c). Interviews were conducted to gather different perspectives from teachers, employers, doctors and senior management's point of view.
As this research is based on multi-method data collection, the collection approach is a combination of primary and secondary data. Primary data includes surveys, interviews, participation in SL, observation and so forth and secondary data includes internet statistic websites, international research journals, books, conference proceedings, websites, videos and so on.

Analysis
The questionnaires and interviews conducted were based on the below table, it included demographic data including age, sex and educational qualifications, general views and awareness about Virtual World, followed by detailed information to analyse their perception towards the use of Virtual World in different aspects of training recruitment and learning. Andries du Plessis, Bernhardett Theron Virtual World -Physical World: What is the Real World?

Interview discussions and practical findings
This study is intended to compliment the numerous studies conducted in the past by various researchers. Interviews were conducted to gather more detailed information and perspectives from different fields. A group of 10 people were approached to be interviewed individually, out of which 7 agreed to meet the team, where a structured interview for 20 minutes was conducted to elaborate on their views, experiences, observations and reflections in relation to the use of 3D immersive Virtual Worlds for learning / teaching, training and recruitment.
All the respondents were familiar with the term Virtual World, and with their tenures at their organizations, varying from 5 months to more than 22 years in the same field they provided valuable information. According to the CFO Michael Parrot, from the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric (NIWA) research where the science and research activities is coordinated by their national centres, it offers a wide range of courses each year, presented at a number of venues according to needs and the level of interest. In some instances courses can be presented in-house, and is associated with University of Canterbury, University of Otago and Victoria University Wellington where it supports Post-graduate Centres of Excellence to attract the best students and train them at postgraduate level (PhD and MSc) in areas of growing demand, Virtual World and technology is the life system for NIWA; also promoting creativity, innovation and teamwork is NIWA's mission, hence they allocate approximately $4 to $5 million each year on technology.
The web-based weather forecasting information service, NIWA, forecasts aims to help farmers and growers identify the right time to carry out weather-dependent operations such as irrigation, spraying and harvesting, which is possible only when teams from different parts of the world communicate and coordinate the forecasts; only Virtual World can minimize the distance (Parrot 2013).
During the interview with Sangeeta Jain, Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Creative Technology, Faculty of Business and Law, AUT University (Jain 2013), she explains that in the context to teaching and learning in VLE, the central players are teachers and students / learners and the main issue faced will be that classrooms, which are isolated from real life, can only simulate reality to a certain extent. Teaching would be a much more complex process as there would be organizational aspects that need to be considered, implicating that to be a good teacher in addition to being a good educator they have to be a good organizer and designer of information, communication, didactical implementation and media integration (Barajas & Owen 2010). Institutes need to constantly upgraded and create innovative ideas to attract student attention and involve them in the entire learning procedure.
Virtual Worlds have created a new social and creative environment where new product development and virtual brands may be created, students can experiment with their designs on virtual mannequins as communicated by Lyle Reilly (Reilly 2013) Senior Lecturer, Fashion / Product Design Departments, School of Art and Design, AUT University. The CEO from UUNZ Institute of Business, Dr. Jimmy Chen, is of the opinion that UUNZ wants to provide best for its students and is willing to allocate 20% of their budget on the Virtual Learning as it is a rapidly changing environment and also willing to invest 30% of their time in training with an expected return of 50% in the next 5 years. He also suggests that rules and regulations should be in place considering the safety and ethical implications but a mixture of traditional methods where face to face classes are sometimes more effective, hence a blended mode would be preferred (Chen 2013).
A Senior Lecturer from the Department of Health and Science at Unitec, Derek Nash, says that the virtual autopsy is one of the greatest advances in forensic medicine in the past hundred years. With the aid of three-dimensional X-ray techniques, virtual and bloodless autopsies are now being performed due to non-availability of cadavers (Nash 2013). Not only limited to that, hospitals also create a photo-realistic replica of their emergency driveway and entrance, waiting area, intensive care area, delayed treatment, hospital beds, and equipment (Virtual ED II), as well as a variety of both hospital staff and patient avatars. This makes it easy for trainees to navigate the learning space (Heinrichs et al. 2008).
Dr Mala Dutta a renowned Acupuncturist from Auckland remembers her time from training days and feels multiplayer game-based training was more effective than traditional methods; and the virtual environment was useful as practice on live patients is often unpredictable and frequently repetitive. The simulation labs were an extremely useful tool in Andries du Plessis, Bernhardett Theron Virtual World -Physical World: What is the Real World?
understanding the pressure points of the needles as the Virtual bodies were able to show the response and that too without being hurt (Dutta 2013). An interview with Nilesh Karmokar, a Product Analytics and Insight Manager, Retail Products from Westpac, gave a different insight on Virtual World and recruitment. Westpac uses video conferencing to conduct interviews as it is not so expensive, but the candidate needs to visit the nearest Westpac branch in his/her city. When he was asked what would be Westpac's response to ANZ virtual banking, he comments that Westpac being a huge organization will first see the Return on Investment , and it prefers to spend more money on customers by giving keeping a huge marketing and promotion budget (Karmokar 2013).

Data analysis and practical findings.
Gender frequency distribution: According to the gender frequency table below it is characterized that 44 persons (47.8%) of respondents are female and the rest, 48 persons, (52.2%) are male.

Recommendations
It is therefore proposed that there is justification from social science, technology and marketing perspectives for research into this Virtual landscape, which makes the collaborative and community aspects of Virtual Worlds very significant, (Athanasiou, Debas & Darzi 2010) but companies should also be cautious and invest carefully, as the technology is young and will continue to develop and mature.  Hospitals and trainee doctors can be benefited if all hospitals could give a virtual tour saving time and making it easy for them to navigate and work together as teams can use all the resources wisely in the event of natural calamity like earthquakes or in the event of any mass casualty.  The hospitality industries can provide Virtual tours making their resort or hotel more appealing and interesting, also can be used as an extremely good marketing strategy Retail chains can create Virtual stores where Avatars can interact with customers giving them a different shopping experience.

Andries du Plessis, Bernhardett Theron
Virtual World -Physical World: What is the Real World?

Conclusions
VLE has generated myriads of interpretations globally and been received with mixed feelings. The key lessons learned from previous studies have led us to believe that online teaching and learning are not perfect yet (Alvarez 2005;Papadakis, Paparrizos & Rossiou 2006). This research project points out to directions, trends and provide indications that would form a sound basis for the necessary future research plans (Mattheos et al. 2001). The findings of the study affirm that educational systems need to further progress and advance (Shana 2009) It is also believed that technologies that facilitate resources can be used effectively to promote lifelong learning, and support learner-centred approaches by being vastly available.
If we do not respond to the academic, linguistic, and cultural diversity of today's world, we are taking the risk of creating systems of low social, educational and economic efficiency. This is the reason why the situation needs a holistic perspective of study and discussion (Barajas & Owen 2010). Virtual Worlds have great potential for educational use, as is evidenced by the growing range of subjects they have successfully been used for. They offer opportunities, experiences, and pleasures that satisfy many of the basic motivations that drive modern consumption. Yet while "virtual consumption" may be a promising substitute for real consumption, there is a dark side to Virtual Worlds which also present dangers; the most troubling concerns would be dangers of addiction, harmful effects on relationship and values and disconnection from Real World. But every coin has 2 sides, one requires careful reflection before it is whole heartedly embraced and replaced.