Analyzing Knowledge Sharing Behavior for Security Guards in Hospitals

This research focuses on Knowledge Sharing Behavior of hospital security guards and attempts to establish a conceptual framework for better understanding of the knowledge sharing behavior. The main methodology of this study consists of the detailed literature review, enabling the design of comprehensive research model and highlighting the relevant interrelations between the postulated variables.Some hypotheses were structured on the basis of the most emphasized correlations. According to these hypotheses, factors such as Organizational Citizenship, Motivation and Intention have been highlighted as the ones which have the significant effect on the Knowledge Sharing Behavior, and Knowledge Sharing Behavior had the highest impact on the Organizational Performance.

Security Guard is an occupation that requesting skills, requirement of which can vary according to the work place and situations. Their role is especially significant in the areas with high vulnerability such as hospitals, where the daily circulation of patients is particularly high. The security guard must have skills and knowledge to be able to communicat e more effectively with staff and clients. For security guards having only secondary education, a job can become more challenging since their tasks consist of several duties. Consequently, it requires a variety of skills and knowledge. According to the experience of the famous researcher in the field of hospitality and risk assessment, the security system includes 7 categories.
(1) Security system, requiring security guard to patrol around the area and inspect infractions or in the case of unplanned events prevent the damage as fast as possible.
(2) CCTV system where security guard monitors the screen displaying real-time events in the search of infractions. This also requires the inspection of disorders in supervised areas concerning people, things or unsafe conditions. In addition, in case of an accident, the system's features of traceability and rewinding can prove to be useful for the investigation.
(3) Traffic and car park system that security guard supervises requires diverse competences, such as having a detailed knowledge of traffic signals and regulations, having negotiation skills that can help in resolving conflicts among clients, and service mind to provide maximu m comfort in limited circumstances. Moreover, the security guard should act as the cashier for receiving the parking fee Security in traffic and car park areas that require from the Guard the knowledge of signals and regulations, as well as negotiation skills in solving conflicts. (4) Access control system or key control system consists of a control system such as a finger scan or RFID (Radio -Frequency identification) and no-control system such as normal key access control. Both methods require a well-versed security guard managing the working processes . (5) An equipment control system is a system that protects the company assets by controlling the inventory, whether it is an instrument or equipment. In order to effectively manage the building, security guard needs to understand the work of various departments. (6) VVIP (Very Very Important Person) System is a system for protection and safeguarding the important figures such as Royal family or Prime minister. This also includes others VVIP processes which security guard must understand in order to act appropriately. (7) Contingency plan in the case of an emergency. The Security guard must protect and reduce the damage in the case of emergency before there are significant losses. Contingency plan consists of three steps, Pre-events plan, the event plan, and Post-event plan. Given that the pre-event planning is the most important step, it requires appropriate training and team rehearsment intended for improving the security guard's skills and knowledge.

Nutthapol Orpipath
Analyzing Knowledge Sharing Behavior for Security Guard at Hospital From the Picture 1 above, we can see that the skills or knowledge received from only one organization or education may not be enough. In such cases, Knowledge Sharing Behavior becomes an important factor for improving the work of Security Business in order to reduce losses when a security guard works in different areas. However, when security business is employed in various areas, acting as contractor or in the case of outsourcing, it may be difficult to obtain relevant knowledge and information directly from the owner. Due to this , Knowledge sharing behavior in security business is crucial.
Knowledge sharing behavior results from "Explosion from the inside", which occurs when a change of personal attitude and will produce a change in the behavior. This principle corresponds to the process which King Rama IX called "Understanding, Accessibility, and Development", which encourages people to have a positive attitude and causes the knowledge sharing behavior. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the factors contributing to changes in a security guard's behavior. Consequently, when working in different locations and by analyzing the people in an organization, they can improve the understanding of their duties, this will in return have impact on reducing the losses and prove beneficial to security businesses.

Conceptual Framework
As the basis, this research employs a system theory and focuses on a detailed literature review. The concept of System Theory was concieved in 1920-1940 , when scientists found the similar phenomena to be systematic. In 1956, Ludving Von Bertalanffy coined the term System Theory and is now regarded as the father of General Systems Theory. In 1990, Peter M. Senge discussed the systemic thinking in 5 different disciplines: Team Learning, Shared Vision, Personal Mastery, Mental Models, and Systems Thinking.
In conclusion, Systems Theory is a holistic view of management concepts , with subsystems that can be applied to achieve both set goals and objectives . System Theory consists of three main components: Inputs, Processes, and Outputs , and four secondary components: Goals, Feedback, Control, and Environments.
This research focuses on Knowledge Sharing Behavior by creating a Conceptual Framework that has been derived fro m the impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Motivation, and Intention showed in Figure 2 below.  This article studies the literature related to Knowledge Sharing Behavior in order to establish its connection to Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Motivation and Intention. Furthermore, the research aims to understand the components of every concept and creates the conceptual model of Knowledge Sharing Behavior for security guards at the hospital in Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand. We started with 50 articles and then selected ten articles as references by Emerald Insight. Afterwards, by applying the Content Analysis (percentage), we combined these data to analyze and separate details.

Factor: Knowledge Sharing Behavior
Results from literature review relating to Knowledge Sharing Behavior found the connection to sharing experiences and skills implying that personal improvements should be benefitial (Pei-Lee Teh and Hongyi Sun (2012) (1) Frequency refers to how often knowledge sharing is distributed among peers at all levels of the organization using diverse communication channels . such as meetings, phone calls, electronic mail and etc. (Pei-Lee Teh and Hongyi Sun, 2012).
(2) Volunteering in knowledge sharing behavior refers to read iness to represent the organization in the sharing of knowledge with the organization's personnel, willingness to help new employees solve problems and listening to problems among peers (Seigyoung Auh and Bulent Menguc, 2013) (3) Participation in the discussion refers to the staff's willingness to provide feedback, suggestions during the meeting, discussions for efficient exchange of knowledge (Dah-Kwei Liou, Wen-Hai Chih, et al., 2016)   The main component of Organization Citizenship Behavior consists of 3 elements, i.e. the Endurance with the colleague, Living in harmony, and Achieving organization's goals.

Table 3: Organization Citizenship Behavior variables and References
(1) Endurance with colleague refers to staff's ability and willingness to teach, and to provide feedback to colleagues during regular working hours and outside work time (Seigyoung Auh and Bulent Menguc, 2013).
(2) Living in harmony refers to the employees eagerness to work with the organization, having a commitment and loyalty towards the organization and believing that the organization could make people's lives happy (Wen-Hai Chih et al., 2016).
(3) Achieving organization's goals refers to the staff's understanding of the corporate culture and recognizing the organization's success factor and trying to work to achieve that goal (Xiao Zhang and Jane Yan Jiang, 2015).  (1) Expected reward refers to the organization's staffs understand ing that knowledge sharing has a positive impact on the individual, colleagues, organizations, and it effects receiving bestows in various forms, such as promotion, bonuses, or increased revenue (Wang and Noe, 2010).
(2) Reputation refers to the personnel who decide to share knowledge when they perceiv e that it will likely result in them being valuable to the organization and colleagues (Thomas and Velthouse, 1990). Intention consists of 3 main components: trust in organization culture, personal confidence, and happiness in teaching. (1) Trust in organization culture refers to staff placed in the working environment of the organization, facilitating collaboration which will result in knowledge sharing (Kristen et al., 2004).
(2) Personal confidence refers to staff being confident that the personnel is competent and that knowledge can be used to benefit from mutual sharing of information (Dah-Kwei Liou, Wen-Hai Chih, et al., 2016).
(3) Happiness in teaching refers to staff's willingness to share the knowledge in the organization through lecturing or through coaching with various methods that will have an impact on staff's specialization, development and improvemen t (Muhammad Sabbir Rahman, et al., 2016).  2016)). Performance consists of 2 main components, that is, of staff personal improvement and organization assessment. (1) Staff personal improvement refers to staff's employing the knowledge within the organization which resulted fro m knowledge sharing as a driving force for self-change, modifying positive attitudes and behaviors which can influence the organization through the development of employee's knowledge (Cabrera and Cabrera, 2005;Wang and Noe, 2010).
(2) Organization assessment refers to an organization receiveing a positive evaluation based on the profitability of the organization (Bock et al., 2005).

The Relationship between Intention and Knowledge Sharing Behavior
The research found that there is a positive correlation between Intention and Knowledge Sharing Behavior, which is consistent with Pei-Lee Teh and Hongyi Sun (2012)

The Relationship between Knowledge Sharing Behavior and Performance
The research found that there is positive relation between Knowledge Sharing Behavior and Performance according to Pei-Lee Teh and Hongyi Sun (2012)

Nutthapol Orpipath
Analyzing Knowledge Sharing Behavior for Security Guard at Hospital 48 From the above-mentioned literature review, the researcher can create the conceptual framework by 4 latent variables and 14 observed variables that were used in this research, as shown in Figure 12.

Future Research Procedure
The research explained the procedure of creating the Conceptual Model. Next step of study is shown in Figure 14. The researcher achieved a positive result in the context of population and sample group, which can be beneficial to the future academic researches.

Conclusion
Overall, Knowledge Sharing Behaviour has an impact on Performance, which was already studied in an international context. It consists of 4 important elements , that is, Organizational Citizenship Behaviour, Motivation, Intension, Including Relationship, which reflects to our study. Every business in the security guard field, which wishes to raise the advantages and exceed the business competition, should consider applying Knowledge Sharing Behaviour n order to achieve success.