This literature review examines the key factors that influence natural gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) market prices in the context of the global energy economy. The study highlights the significance of the natural gas and LNG sectors, which are vast and dynamic, with major suppliers such as Russia, the United States, and Qatar, as well as major consumers from the US, China, and Europe. This review emphasises the importance of LNG in enabling global trade, decoupling production from consumption, and contributing to energy diversification and security.