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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

This study examines the development of e-commerce within the framework of Industry 4.0, with a specific focus on its implications for developing countries. The paper synthesizes recent scholarly literature to conceptualize how technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, blockchain and big data analytics are transforming e-commerce from a transaction-based model to an intelligent and integrated digital ecosystem.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

This study examines the development of e-commerce within the framework of Industry 4.0, with a specific focus on its implications for developing countries. The paper synthesizes recent scholarly literature to conceptualize how technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, blockchain and big data analytics are transforming e-commerce from a transaction-based model to an intelligent and integrated digital ecosystem.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

This study examines the development of e-commerce within the framework of Industry 4.0, with a specific focus on its implications for developing countries. The paper synthesizes recent scholarly literature to conceptualize how technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, blockchain and big data analytics are transforming e-commerce from a transaction-based model to an intelligent and integrated digital ecosystem.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Digital literacy is widely considered a prerequisite for 21st century workforce readiness due to the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Nevertheless, a significant digital skills gap remains between employer expectations and the digital skills of the workforce, which decreases the economy of the future and undermines social equity.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Health tourism in the Global South has emerged as both an economic opportunity and a policy challenge, reshaping debates around development, healthcare governance, and global mobility. This study analyzes the evolving landscape of health tourism in the Global South, examining its intersection with economic diversification, global mobility, and healthcare governance in emerging economies.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions play a pivotal role in equipping the workforce with practical skills, yet their effectiveness is strongly influenced by funding availability and allocation. This study aims to trace advancements in TVET research and identify existing knowledge gaps through a bibliometric analysis.

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