
Bitcoin as an Innovative Payment Currency in Germany: Development of the e-Gold Standard
Recent years have witnessed the advances of e-money systems such as Bitcoin, PayPal and various forms of stored-value cards. This paper adopts a mechanism design approach to identify some essential features of different payment systems that implement and improve the constrained optimal resource allocation in Germany

Communication Transparency in Ethical andTraditional Banking in Spain
Transparency is a key value in the thinking of ethical banks, but do they perform different practices over traditional banking that justify or support that commitment to transparency? This study examines transparency in the communication process in two different types of banking in Spain: ethical/alternative banking and traditional banking.

M-Commerce and Mobile Apps: Opportunities for SMEs in Developing Countries
The current research paper is a review of current concepts in M-commerce and Mobile Applications. In the paper M-commerce is defined as a part of e-commerce. The conclusion suggests that M-commerce depends significantly on e-commerce technologies.

Global Political Economy in Context of Evolution of Political-Economic Thought
Globalization of economic processes requires an adequate transformation of the economic Sciences. In the modern world, the globalization of actors and results of production leads to the formation of global relations of ownership and governance. It modifies the subject field of General economic theory and generates the global political economy.

Bioeconomy as a Complex Adaptive System of Sustainable Development
The bioeconomy is widely understood as an economic system that combines in a synergic way both natural resources and technologies, together with markets, people and policies. There are established links between old industries traditionally based on natural resources and new ones those previously had no direct relations

Government Spending and Economic Growth in Ghana: Evidence from Granger Causality Analysis
In spite of the diverse major issues affecting the economy of Ghana over the years, the economy continues to experience a downward spiral in its economic growth. Taking into account three opining views regarding government spending and economic growth, this study sets to investigate the causal nexus fractious and economic growth in Ghana.